How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is a condition only of children, however it can affect adults as well. Finding a doctor and treating ADHD can help improve the quality of life for a person.
Interviewing the individual and their family members may be a part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist might review the school records from the past to determine whether symptoms began in childhood.
Symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time-to-time However, for those who suffers from ADHD, these problems interfere with school, work and home life. To be diagnosed with the disorder, a person must show signs of major impairment in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly hinder the daily functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
To establish a diagnosis a doctor will interview the patient about their symptoms and ask about their family history and medical conditions. They can also use rating systems to assess symptoms in adults or children. These questionnaires are often constructed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They include questions about symptoms such as hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive.
Adults might be asked to talk with their spouse or someone they know well. This isn't to doubt the authenticity of the person, but rather to gain more insight into the person's behavior that cannot be gathered from a questionnaire. They may also ask about childhood behavior and use old school records to see if the symptoms started before the age of 12.
Before making a diagnosis, the doctor will perform a physical exam and do lab tests to rule out any other health issues, like thyroid problems or head injuries that can cause similar symptoms. The provider will also review a person's medication list. Certain medications for depression, high blood pressure and other ailments may be a trigger for stimulants, so the doctor will consider these when suggesting treatments. This is the reason it's crucial for adults to consult their primary care providers if they think they might be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD the symptoms must be evident in at least two settings (such as school, home and at work) and interfere with functioning. The symptoms must have manifested before the age of 12 and cannot be caused by a different disorder like depression or anxiety.
A doctor or mental health professional will use a variety of tools during an evaluation that include ADHD symptom checklists, standardized behavior rating scales and a detailed history. They may also interview family members or friends to find out how the symptoms have affected them. They can also inquire if there are any other psychiatric disorders or physical illnesses that display similar symptoms.
Evaluations will consider whether symptoms are mild or severe. how to get diagnosed with adhd uk will also review the medical history of the patient and family history to ensure there isn't any underlying cause of their problems like thyroid disorders or head injuries, or medications.
In some instances an examiner may decide to perform cognitive testing or request an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms, like mood disorders, learning disabilities, personality disorders and alcohol abuse. People suffering from these disorders often present very differently from those who do not have them. For example, boys tend to have hyperactive symptoms while girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
Many people with ADHD might be interested in participating in studies to test new treatments. While this is an excellent way to help further research, it is important for participants to know that the main purpose of these studies is to acquire knowledge in the field of science and cannot necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. For more information about clinical trials, visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect they may have ADHD it is important to find a specialist trained in diagnosing the disorder. Ask your health insurance provider if ADHD specialists will be covered. You could also ask your family physician or other healthcare professionals for recommendations. Word-of mouth recommendations are also a good alternative.
A doctor will ask the patient - or parents in the case of children - about their issues. They may use standard questionnaires or ADHD symptom checklists, and request details from other people in the patient's life, such as spouses and family members. Personal insight often uncovers more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
A specialist will also need to review any records the person might have, particularly old school reports. Often, the diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history and, in order to be diagnosed with the condition, the symptoms must be present from the age of a child (technically before age 12).
Physical examinations are also performed. It is also checked for any other medical issues which could cause symptoms, like seizures or thyroid issues. The doctor will usually conduct a neurological exam, which tests for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests that test the level of intelligence and ability can be utilized. The test subject may also be asked to complete simple computer tasks designed to test memory and attention. This can help an expert determine whether someone is hyperactive or inattentive. The expert will then determine the diagnosis and recommend treatment. Typically, the treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can teach adults as well as children healthy coping skills and change unhelpful thinking patterns. This therapy can be done by the primary care physician or a mental health professional who specializes in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD improve their condition by taking medication, but it's not the only option to treat the condition. Adults, teenagers and children can also benefit from behavioral therapy, psychotherapy or a combination of both. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and help them learn to manage them. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and how to manage it, could be included. They can also include teachers, family members, and professionals.
It is essential to locate an expert in mental health or health care provider who has experience in treating ADHD. You can ask for suggestions from others who suffer from ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or perform an online search. It is recommended to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The health care provider will ask you or your child about the symptoms and issues caused by ADHD. They will conduct an examination of the body and look for other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will look over your or your child's medical and family information, school records and other reports.
The process of diagnosing ADHD in adults can be a bit more difficult due to the fact that the Symptom Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are mostly geared toward diagnosing children. Your doctor will interview you or your child regarding their symptoms, and may request others who spend many hours with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. The drugs used to treat ADHD include stimulants like methylphenidate and Lisdexamfetamine as well as non-stimulants such as atomoxetine or certain antidepressants. They work by boosting and balancing levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD also have comorbid disorders, including anxiety or depression. Treatment should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients might benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches abilities such as time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Therapists can also help patients manage their symptoms by making lifestyle changes. Regular exercise can help reduce hyperactivity and improve focus. A healthier diet is also essential for those with ADHD tend to eat higher levels of sugar and fat and consume less vegetables and fruits than the rest of us. Making social and family relationships a priority can reduce stress and help people feel more in control of their lives.
Another benefit of an ADHD diagnosis is that it provides children and adults a clearer understanding of their challenges. A child diagnosed with ADHD may have trouble communicating their demands to their teachers or peers. Once a teacher understands that this isn't a personal issue or because of a lack of time, they can provide accommodations.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions geared to the person's age, talk to family members and teachers, review medical records, and look for any comorbidities. If ADHD symptoms first started before age school records can be helpful for adults.
A physical exam is typically included, and the doctor will likely look for vision and hearing problems. He or she might also conduct a blood test in order to test for certain hormones, as well as other health conditions that can cause symptoms and signs of ADHD.